שינויים

<math>\boxed{u=\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right);\ \cos(x)=\frac{1-u^2}{1+u^2};\ \sin(x)=\frac{2u}{1+u^2};\ x=2\arctan(u);\ dx=\frac{2}{1+u^2}du}</math>